Original Photo by Nancy Blair
Instructional Design is the process of conceptualizing, developing, and delivering a systematic instructional package/program/format that will facilitate effective, quality, optimal learning. There are two prominent Instructional Design models: ADDIE, a generic, step by step formula for design and delivery developed by The Center for Educational Technology at Florida State University (1975), and John Keller's ARCS, a model introduced in 1979 that utilizes four areas of motivational learning. The ADDIE model seems to have prevailed over time and is the most widely used IT design formula. Below are simplified graphic representations of the essential elements of each model.
ADDIE
Analysis: Designers define course goals, and identify
materials and learner needs.
Design: Designers set course objectives, conduct instructional analysis, and determine assessments and instruments.
Development: Designers develop and set instructional
strategies and instructional materials.
Implementation: The course is delivered to learners and
formative and summative assessments are administered.
Evaluation : The course itself is assessed for effectiveness
and revised as necessary.
The ADDIE model is the generic design process
traditionally used by instructional designers and training
developers. The five phases represent a dynamic and
flexible guideline for building effective training and
performance support tools..."In the ADDIE model, each
step has an outcome that feeds into the subsequent
model phase. Image retrieved from favpng.com
ARCS
Dick & Carey Model of Instructional Design
An expanded and interconnected model for instructional design, the Dick and Carey outline features the importance of revision and formative evaluation. The model provides an in depth approach to the stages of design, creating a more stringent system of checks and balances that connect back to one another. Dick and Carey contend that the instructional program is in a constant state of revision, driven by a series of evaluations and feedback, all in an effort to reach the instructional goals and the needs of the learners. It is not as flexible as the ADDIE and ARCS model, however the design approach could prove advantageous to Image adapted from The Systematic Design of Instruction, Dick and Carey (2008)
to those who need a more structured
Instructional model.
An expanded and interconnected model for instructional design, the Dick and Carey outline features the importance of revision and formative evaluation. The model provides an in depth approach to the stages of design, creating a more stringent system of checks and balances that connect back to one another. Dick and Carey contend that the instructional program is in a constant state of revision, driven by a series of evaluations and feedback, all in an effort to reach the instructional goals and the needs of the learners. It is not as flexible as the ADDIE and ARCS model, however the design approach could prove advantageous to Image adapted from The Systematic Design of Instruction, Dick and Carey (2008)
to those who need a more structured
Instructional model.
Links to Design Projects
Click images to link to Courses
Design and Development ETEC 544
Project Description: Argument Made Easy introduces, defines,
and models key concepts and components of successful argumentative writing. Major areas covered include the crafting
of a clear thesis, use of credible, properly cited evidence, and
the warrant or reasoning that supports the claims. The instructional model for Argument Made Essay is ADDIE.
E-Learning Design and Development
ETEC 541
Project Description: Designed for English Learners, Applied Parts of Speech breaks down, explains, and illustrates each of the eight parts of speech in the English language. Learning strategies include games, color and symbol coding, assignments, pre and post quizzes, and audio and video instructions and materials. The instructional model for Applied Parts of Speech is ADDIE.
Course Development Plan
Applied Parts of Speech Course
Reflection
Design and Development of
Instructional Materials ETEC 644
Project Description: For both teachers and students who wish integrate Digital Storytelling into their curriculum, this course is
a step by step guide to the process. Modules include academic planning and alignment to standards, brainstorming ideas, the art of the pitch, scripting and story boarding, gathering and/or creating media, filming and editing, and finally, the premier of the final cut of the digital project. Digital Storytelling in ELAs was
created using Dick and Carey's Model of Instructional Technology.
Project Storyboard and Design Document Digital Storytelling in English Language Arts Course Reflection
References
Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2008). The Systematic Design of Instruction (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Merrill.
Horton, W. (2012). E-Learning By Design (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
Keller, J. M. (1987) Strategies for stimulating the motivation to learn. Performance and Instruction. 26 (8), 1-7.
Kurt, S. (2018, December 16). Addie model: Instructional design. Educational Technology. Retrieved January 23, 2020 from https://educationaltechnology.net/the-addie-model-instructional-design/
Nurse Educators' Beliefs about the Relevance of Continuing Professional Development - Scientific Figure on
ResearchGate. Retrieved January 23, 2020 from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Kellers-ARCS-Model-of-
Motivational-Design_fig3_269409316
Piskurich, G. M. (2015). Rapid instructional design: Learning ID fast and right. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Reiser, R. A., & Demsey, J.V. (2012). Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson
Vu, V., Warschauer, M., & Yim, S. (2019). Digital storytelling: A district initiative for academic literary improvement.
Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 257-267. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.962
ARCS and ADDIE definitions retrieved from www.instructionaldesign.org
ADDIE model image retrieved from favpng.com
ARCS model image retrieved from myloveforlearning.com